VELORYNTrading language,
in plain English.
Search the terms used throughout Veloryn. Definitions explain what each word means here—not just its textbook meaning.
80 of 80 terms
Algorithm
A precise set of rules a computer follows. In Veloryn, an algorithm reads market data and decides when a strategy should be evaluated.
Example: Check the trend once per completed daily candle.API
Application Programming Interface: a documented way for one program to request data or actions from another program.
Example: Veloryn asks Coinbase's API for the current executable bid and ask.Ask price
The lowest price at which a seller currently offers to sell. A market buy usually executes near the ask.
Asset
Something that can be owned or traded, such as a stock, cryptocurrency, bond, or currency pair.
Average fill price
The quantity-weighted average price received when an order fills in one or more pieces.
Backtest
A simulation that applies strategy rules to historical data to estimate how the rules would have behaved. It is evidence, not a promise of future profit.
Benchmark
A simple reference investment used for comparison.
Example: Compare a crypto strategy with buying and holding BTC over the same dates.Bid price
The highest price a buyer currently offers to pay. A market sell usually executes near the bid.
Broker
A company or venue that holds the trading account and accepts orders. Coinbase is the first live broker configured for Veloryn.
Broker adapter
Code that translates LEAN's common order and data language into a specific broker's API.
Brokerage reconciliation
Comparing Veloryn's records with the broker's cash, positions, orders, and fills to find missing or conflicting state.
Buying power
The amount the account is currently allowed to use for new positions. It may differ from cash when margin is involved.
Canary deployment
A tightly limited live launch using restricted capital and symbols before broader production activation.
Candle / bar
A summary of trading during one time interval. It normally contains open, high, low, close, and volume values.
Cash account
An account that generally trades with settled cash instead of borrowed funds. Settlement and broker rules still apply.
Certification
Recorded evidence that one specific broker, account, and deployment passed required sandbox, paper, reconnect, rate-limit, and restricted-capital tests.
Coinbase Advanced Trade
Coinbase's trading API and venue used by Veloryn for configured crypto market data, price checks, and eventually certified execution.
Correlation
A measure of how similarly two assets move. Highly correlated positions can create more risk than their count suggests.
Cryptocurrency / crypto
A digitally represented asset traded on crypto venues, such as Bitcoin (BTC), Ether (ETH), or Solana (SOL).
Data leakage
Accidentally allowing future information into a historical decision. Leakage makes a backtest look better than a strategy could have been in reality.
Data provider
A service that supplies prices or other market information. Massive supplies cached research history; the configured broker owns live execution pricing.
Decision trace
An audit record showing the data, features, strategy reasoning, sizing, risk checks, and execution outcome for one decision.
Drawdown
The percentage decline from a portfolio's previous peak to a later low.
Example: Falling from $2,000 to $1,800 is a 10% drawdown.Equity
This word has two common meanings: a company share (a stock), or the total current value of a trading account. Context determines which meaning applies.
Execution
The process of sending an approved order to a broker and processing its acknowledgement, fills, fees, or rejection.
Exposure
How much of the portfolio is affected by market movement. Gross exposure adds absolute position sizes; net exposure accounts for long versus short direction.
Feature
A consistently calculated input used by a strategy or model, such as momentum, volatility, or relative volume.
Fee
A charge paid to a broker or venue for trading. Fees reduce account returns and are especially important for small accounts or frequent strategies.
Fill
The broker's report that some or all of an order actually traded. Submitting an order is not the same as receiving a fill.
Forward test
Running a fixed strategy on data that arrives after the strategy was designed. Paper trading is one type of forward test.
Freshness
Whether information is recent enough to trust for its intended use. Veloryn labels stale or unavailable telemetry instead of pretending it is current.
Historical data
Previously recorded market information used for research and backtesting.
Holding / position
The amount of an asset currently owned or owed by the account, together with its average price and current value.
Indicator
A calculation derived from market data, such as an exponential moving average or average true range.
Intent
Veloryn's durable description of an approved desire to trade before a broker order exists. It supports auditability and safe recovery.
Kill switch
A safety control that blocks new trading and may request exits when a configured emergency condition occurs.
Latency
Elapsed time between events, such as deciding to trade, submitting an order, and receiving a fill.
LEAN
The open-source algorithmic trading engine underneath Veloryn. LEAN handles securities, subscriptions, portfolio accounting, orders, broker connections, and backtest mechanics.
Limit order
An order to buy no higher than a specified price or sell no lower than a specified price. It controls price but may never fill.
Liquidity
How easily an asset can be traded without moving its price significantly. Thin liquidity can increase spread and slippage.
Live trading
Trading with a real broker account where orders can use real capital. It must remain disabled until all production gates pass.
Long
A position that benefits when the asset price rises. The current Coinbase trend strategy is long-only.
Margin
Borrowed buying power supplied under broker rules. Margin can magnify both gains and losses.
Market data
Prices, quotes, trades, volume, candles, and related information describing a market.
Market order
An order to trade promptly at available prices. It prioritizes execution, not a guaranteed price.
Massive
The market-data provider formerly known as Polygon.io. Veloryn caches Massive history for local research and backtests; it does not use Massive as the live execution quote source.
Momentum
The tendency of price to continue moving in its recent direction, often measured as percentage change over a chosen period.
OHLCV
Open, High, Low, Close, Volume: the five common fields in a market candle.
Order
An instruction sent to a broker describing what to buy or sell, how much, and under what conditions.
Out-of-sample
Data deliberately withheld while choosing strategy rules, then used to test whether those rules generalize.
Overfitting
Tuning rules so closely to past noise that they perform poorly on new data. Trying many combinations without proper validation increases this risk.
P&L
Profit and loss: the change in value caused by trading, normally shown before or after fees depending on context.
Paper trading
Simulated trading using current or replayed prices without risking real money. It tests operations but cannot perfectly reproduce live fills.
Partial fill
A fill for only part of the requested quantity. The remaining quantity may stay open, fill later, or be canceled.
Portfolio
The account's combined cash and positions.
Position sizing
Choosing how much of an asset to trade based on capital, risk, volatility, limits, and existing exposure.
Price quote
A current market snapshot, commonly containing bid and ask prices. In live mode Veloryn requires the configured broker to own this check.
Profit factor
Gross winning trade profit divided by gross losing trade loss. Above 1 means historical gross wins exceeded gross losses.
Rate limit
A provider's restriction on how many API requests may be made during a time window.
Rebalance
Adjusting positions back toward strategy target weights. Frequent rebalancing can increase fees and turnover.
Regime
A broad description of market behavior, such as bullish trend, bearish trend, sideways, or high volatility.
Return
Profit or loss expressed relative to starting capital.
Example: Growing $2,000 to $2,200 is a 10% return before considering deposits or withdrawals.Risk gate
A required check that must pass before an intent can proceed, such as exposure, drawdown, order-frequency, or stale-data limits.
Sandbox
A broker-provided test environment isolated from real trading. Sandbox behavior may be simplified and still requires paper and canary testing.
Sharpe ratio
A historical return-versus-variability measure. Higher can be better, but it is sensitive to assumptions and does not describe every risk.
Short
A position designed to benefit when price falls. Shorting introduces borrowing, margin, and potentially unlimited-loss concerns.
Signal
A strategy's evidence-based suggestion to buy, sell, or do nothing. A signal has no authority to submit an order.
Slippage
The difference between the expected trade price and the actual or simulated fill price.
Spread
The difference between the ask and bid prices. Crossing the spread is an immediate trading cost.
Stop / stop-loss
A rule or order intended to reduce a position after price reaches a loss threshold. It cannot guarantee the exact exit price.
Strategy
A defined set of rules that turns market evidence into signals. In Veloryn, strategies cannot directly place orders.
Symbol / ticker
A short identifier for a traded instrument.
Example: SOLUSD represents Solana priced in US dollars; AAPL identifies Apple shares.Telemetry
Read-only operational information published by the engine, such as portfolio state, risk checks, decisions, orders, fills, health, and alerts.
Time series
Values arranged in timestamp order, such as daily closing prices.
Turnover
How much portfolio value is traded during a period. High turnover often means higher fees, spread costs, and tax complexity.
Universe
The set of assets a strategy is allowed to observe or consider.
Volatility
How widely and quickly prices move. Higher volatility usually means greater uncertainty and larger potential gains or losses.
Walk-forward testing
Repeatedly choosing or training rules on an earlier window and evaluating them on the next unseen window. It is stronger evidence than one in-sample backtest.
Webhook
An HTTP address that receives automatic notifications, commonly used for operational alerts.
WebSocket
A persistent network connection that lets a provider continuously push updates, such as trades and quotes, without a separate request for every event.